Kopency, L. et al.
2021
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

A review was performed in the database of the Gerald V. Ling urinary stone analysis laboratory at UC Davis of a total of 10,444 uroliths and the dogs from which they were obtained between January 2006 and December 2018, with the objective to assess trends in urolith composition in dogs and risk factors for urolithiasis, including age, breed, sex, castration status, urolith location, and urolith bacterial cultures.

Age, race, and sex predispositions for uroliths were similar to those identified below. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) (47.0%) and struvite-containing uroliths (43.6%) were the most common sample, there was a decrease in the proportion of CaOx containing uroliths significantly from 49.5% in 2006 to 41.8% in 2018 (P = 0.006), with no change in the proportion of urolith shipments containing struvite. Between 2006 and 2018 cystine-containing uroliths comprised 2.7% of all shipments and over time there was an increase in this type of ore (1.4% of all shipments in 2006 to 8.7% in 2018 ; P < 0.001). Theis review found that out of all the cystine-containing uroliths, 70.3% were from intact male dogs.